C C C C   N E W S L E T T E R

                   CENTRAL COAST COMPUTER CLUB
                     Santa Maria, California

             VOLUME XXI:   NUMBER 4       APRIL, 2006

Meetings are held on the third Tuesday of every month at the Knollwood 
Village Clubhouse 4012 S. Bradley Dr., Santa Maria.
General meeting at 7:00 PM.  System Special Interest Group session is at
5:45pm.  Guests are welcome.
Check out our web site: http//member.apcug.org/fourseas for the latest 
program schedule information.
Membership is $15 for twelve months for individuals, $20 for families.
For this you receive: Monthly newsletters, EXTRA4C E-mail Messages,
Help-line support, Monthly presentations, Valuable door prizes, Question
and answer sessions.

NEXT MEETING: April 21, 2006  KNOLLWOOD VILLAGE  4012 S. BRADLEY

PRESENTATION: The April meeting presentation will be Dick Trissel 
introducing two free programs--System Information for Windows (SIW) and the 
Jarte word processor.

                -----------------------------------
                |                                 |
                |            CONTENTS             |
                |                                 |
                -----------------------------------
 
(1) OFFICERS, HELPLINES, S.I.G.S                      
(2) PRESIDENT'S CORNER                  Ray Isenson   
(3) EDITOR'S COMMENTS                   Dick Trissel  
(4) WEB WANDERINGS                                    
(5) SYSTEMS S.I.G.                      Dick Trissel  
(6) WHY SETTLE, DO IT YOUR WAY          Lee Alexander 
(7) FLASH DRIVES                        Martyn Williams
(8) WINDOWS XP DISK MANAGEMENT TOOL     Fred Langa    
(9) WILL YOUR PC KEEP PACE WITH VISTA?                

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OFFICERS                         HELPLINES

President                        Juno
Ray Isenson     937-6938         Dick Trissel        937-7572
risenson@juno.com                rtrissel@juno.com

Vice President                   Windows 95/98/ME/XP & VoiceControl
Spence Stimler  938-0217         Amy Malicki         925-5780
SPENCE923@msn.com                savvyforseniors@juno.com

Secretary                        Hardware and Windows XP
Barbara Godwin  934-9885         Ray Isenson         937-6938
yung.bag@verizon.net             risenson@juno.com

Treasurer                        AOL
Gerry Miller    934-1396         Frank Maciel        922-2318
2741 Banyan Way                  frm8198@aol.com
Santa Maria CA 93455
gandamiller@verizon.net

Publicity                        Visual Basic and Genealogy
Bill Corning    934-0775         Gerald Miller       934-1396
foster95@juno.com                gandamiller@verizon.net

Newsletter Editor                Help With Any Problem
Dick Trissel    937-7572         Ray Isenson         937-6938
rtrissel@juno.com                risenson@juno.com

SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP (S.I.G.)

Systems (5:45pm)                 
Dick Trissel                     
rtrissel@juno.com

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 CCCC                         Page 2                      April  2006

PRESIDENT'S CORNER  by Ray Isenson 

As of this writing I can tell you that I expect to be at the meeting on 18 
April and that we will have a presentation.

The presentation for April was intended to feature the program, ClickBook 9.
Although we had requested that the program material be in our hands no later 
than 4 April, in time for Spence Stimler to bone up on that program, the 
material failed to appear.  So, we'll have an alternate presentation 
covering two, free, very interesting programs and try to squeeze ClickBook 
in for the July meeting.  See the EDITOR'S COMMENTS for a brief description 
of the two free programs.

I noticed, at the March meeting, that some of the members present failed to 
get tickets from Amy for the Christmas drawing.  Repeating that which I had 
thought all members had heard, "The box on the table at Amy's front will be 
opened at the 2006 Christmas party, a ticket drawn from it and the name 
written on its reverse side will be announced.  If the member identified by 
that name is present, he, or she, will take home a new, Vista capable, 
computer."  (Should no one answer to that name a second or additional ticket 
will be drawn.)  Obviously, the more meetings an individual attends the 
better will be his or her chance of winning.
 
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 CCCC                         Page 3                      April  2006

EDITOR'S COMMENTS  by Dick Trissel

APRIL PRESENTATION PROGRAMS

SIW - System Information for Windows, version 1.57 for all Windows versions. 
This program performs computer configuration analysis and diagnostics. It 
gives detailed information about your computer properties and settings, 
detailed specs for CPU, motherboard, chipset, BIOS, CPU, PCI/AGP, USB and 
ISA/PnP devices, memory, monitor, video card, disk drives, CD/DVD devices, 
SCSI devices, S.M.A.R.T., ports, network cards, printers, operating system, 
installed programs and hotfixes, processes, services, serial numbers (CD 
keys), users, open files, system uptime, network, network shares, as well as 
real-time monitors for CPU, memory, page file usage and network traffic. It 
displays currently active network connections, passwords hidden behind 
asterisks, installed codecs, and more.  The program also creates a report 
file.  It is a standalone tool that does not require installation and is 
able to run from a disk (1.2MB) - one less installed program on your PC as 
well the fact that you can run the program directly from a USB flash drive.  
The program is available for download at: 
http://www3.sympatico.ca/gtopala/about_siw.html 

JARTE WORD PROCESSOR--Jarte is a free powerful word processor. The program 
is a good replacement for WordPad and Notepad delivered with Windows.  There 
is a spell check function with a standard dictionary and a personal 
dictionary you can edit and take from one computer to another.  Some 
functions are: File control, Print and Preview, Edit, Format (.rtf, .doc or 
.txt), Search, Bookmarks, View Control, 25 item Clipboard, Graphic Inserts, 
Special Character Keyboard.  The 1.5MB install file is available at: 
www.jarte.com

It was brought out in the March meeting Systems S.I.G. that many members are 
already subscribing to the Komando free e-mail newsletters.  This makes many 
of the articles I publish in the newsletter and the EXTRA4Cs bulletins 
redundant.  So, I will be eliminating most of her articles and instead 
recommend you subscribe to her four free e-mail newsletters.  You can 
subscribe by going to her Web site at: http://www.komando.com
Be sure to spell komando correctly, or you will get some pretty weird sites.  

Or, you can follow these instructions from her weekly newsletter:

1. Free computer & Internet daily tips you can use:
     Get it now. Send one e-mail to: tips@komando.com
2. New and exciting Internet destinations every single day:
     Sign up! Send one e-mail to: cool@komando.com
3. The latest computer and tech news links daily:
      Stay up-to-date! Send one e-mail to: dailynews@komando.com

Your e-mail address will not be sold, leased or given to anyone else, ever!

If you'd like to subscribe to the weekend Newsletter, the Daily Newsletter, 
the Tip of the Day or Cool Site of the Day, go to the online form:
www.komando.com/newsletter.asp

Also, her computer radio show can be heard in Santa Maria on 1240AM from 
7:00am to 10:00am Saturday mornings where she makes announcements, gives 
advice, and answers phone call-ins on computer related subjects.
 
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 CCCC                         Page 4                      April  2006

WEB WANDERINGS

GAS PRICES BY ZIP CODE
This is pretty nifty. Just enter your zip code in the site below, and
it tells you which gas stations have the cheapest prices (and the
highest) on gasoline in your zip code area.  It's updated every
evening.
http://autos.msn.com/everyday/gasstations.aspx?zip=&src=Netx

VOICEMAIL CHEATS
What's your least favorite thing about technology? You might dislike the 
price of some computer equipment. Or maybe it's the bugs that get you down.
Those are both valid complaints. But I dislike telephone systems the most. 
You know what I'm talking about-the labyrinthine menus you get when you call 
big companies.
If only there were cheats, like there are for video games. Oh, wait, there 
are! Just visit Find-A-Human. It lists codes for bypassing menus and finding 
a person at a number of large companies. 
Next time you need to call the cable company or an airline, check Find-A-
Human first. I used this just the other day when I spotted a problem on my 
telephone bill. It saved me a lot of time and frustration.
The list isn't complete, but it's growing. You can add cheat codes to the 
database, if you know of any. I'm sure other visitors will appreciate it.
www.quickbase.com/db/bam6rdiey?a=q&qid=5

FASCINATING SCIENCE FACTS
Did you know that Einstein and Darwin managed their correspondence the same 
way you or I manage e-mail? They responded to some letters immediately and 
waited to reply to others.
I learned that little tidbit over at LiveScience. As you can guess from the 
name, LiveScience is all about science. It's a great place to read stories 
and keep up on the latest news.
I found the site while I was surfing the Net with my young son. He wanted to 
explore the Forces of Nature section. But I was most interested in the 
technology articles.
Ultimately, we agreed on the Science or Fiction section. These are stories 
that are almost too unbelievable to be real -- or are they? After reading 
some of them, I left with renewed appreciation for science and technology. 
And I'm not easily impressed!
www.livescience.com/

LEARN THE LINGO
I frequently tell parents that children shouldn't have a computer in their 
bedroom. It should be in a place where you can watch what they're doing. 
But that's only helpful if you know what they're saying. Children today 
often use abbreviations online or in text messages. They also use leet, a 
"language" that uses misspellings and replaces letters with characters and 
numbers.
If you see things that you don't understand in your child's messages, you 
should investigate. The Internet Slang Dictionary and Translator makes it 
easy. You can copy and paste text to translate it. Or you can browse the 
dictionary.
I should warn you that the slang can be vulgar. I was shocked by some of it. 
But it will help you better understand your kids and protect them from the 
dangers lurking online.
www.noslang.com

GROOVY GAMES
PopCap creates many of the games you see on the Internet. Many are puzzle-
type games that require a little strategic thinking -- my favorite kind!
What I like most about these games is that they're suitable for children. 
You don't have to worry about exposing your child to violence.
There a number of games that you can play for free on the site. Others have 
free trials you can download. If you want to play them after the trial, you 
must purchase them.
If your child uses the popular blogging site MySpace, you'll want to tune 
into The Kim Komando Show this weekend. I'll be talking about MySpace's 
private messaging feature, yet another threat to your child's safety. Use 
the map to find a radio station that airs my three-hour radio show in your 
hometown. You can also use it to find the Kim Komando Computer Minute, which 
airs Monday through Friday.
www.popcap.com

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 CCCC                         Page 5                      April  2006

SYSTEMS S.I.G.  by Dick Trissel

As a follow-up on a comment about free MS Windows Anti-spyware (beta) being 
available, a member sent me this comment: 
Here is the Web Site from which I downloaded the suite of tools that include 
the anti-spyware program.
http://www.microsoft.com/athome/security/spyware/software/default.mspx

Another member follow-up was to my showing an example of a "phishing" scam 
e-mail I received.  You should forward the scam e-mail just as you received 
it to the FTC at: spam@uce.gov

We had a brief discussion about the delay of the release of Windows Vista 
operating system for the home user until January 2007.  This complicates 
matters for those planning to buy a new computer.  And that question was 
asked, also--"What should I buy?"  The questioner didn't want to have to 
specify all the components.

One recommendation, if you don't find a manufactured computer you like, is 
to go to ABRO computers in Santa Maria and talk to them about building one.  
Sure, you will have to tell them what you want, but you will have someone 
that can explain what the options mean.  However, it will probably cost a 
little more than a Web or store bought system.

Another item discussed was the purchase of an external USB connected hard 
drive for backup purposes.  There are two options--a drive in an integral 
case, or a special case that a drive can be inserted.  I prefer the case 
because I can use it with several drives. And I can make a bootable 
replacement drive that can be put into my computer internally (USB connected 
drives can only boot and run the operating system if the BIOS has the 
capability to set the USB as a bootable device).

Most integral external drives have easy backup capability built-in.  And 
most separate hard drives include software that will do backups.  Otherwise, 
commercial backup software must be used.  The best I've found is 
Symantec/Norton Ghost (versions 10 and 9 are XP only--2002 and 2003 are XP 
and 98/ME) for $70, or Acronis TrueImage version 9 for $50 ($34 user group 
price through UGR).  

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 CCCC                         Page 6                      April  2006

WHY SETTLE, DO IT YOUR WAY 
by Lee Alexander, Member of the Macon Users Group, Franklin, NC

Tips on Digital Photography and a PC Windows Picture and Fax Viewer.
 
This versatile (for photos) utility is often overlooked in the availability 
of photo editors as it is included with the Windows Operating System and is 
a "freebie" readily at hand.

Typically, unless you have set file associations otherwise, double clicking 
on a photo will open it in the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer. The toolbar 
at the bottom has some handy features that are not immediately intuitive. 
The Previous and Next buttons allow you to view all the images in the folder 
of the first photo you selected. The Screen icon will start an automatic 
slide show; the Zoom, Rotation, and Delete are self explanatory. However, 
the Print icon can surprise you - it opens the Photo Printing Wizard. As you 
step through the Wizard, the Layout Selection provides a variety of print 
configurations from 8.5 X 11 to a 35 print "contact sheet."

If you have set a file association to open your photos in an editor, you can 
create a shortcut to the Picture and Fax Viewer on your Desktop or in the 
Quick Launch Tray. Right-click in the area you want the shortcut and choose 
New | Shortcut. In the Shortcut wizard, enter 
C:\Windows\system32\shimgvw.dll (assuming your Operating System is on the C: 
drive). Name the shortcut and click Finish. On the first use you will have 
to choose the program, Picture and Fax Viewer, and check the box to "Always 
use selected program ..." 

Note that if you right-click and choose Edit, you will open the Paint 
program. The next-to-last button closes the viewer and opens the photo 
editing program associated with the file type. 
 
Auto-reduce Photo File Sizes
 
Windows XP has a neat feature to adjust the file size of photos for 
transmission over the Internet. Select the photo(s) and right-click on one. 
From the pop-up menu, choose Send to and Mail Recipient. This will bring up 
a dialog box, Send Pictures via E-Mail. The radio button "Make all my 
pictures smaller" is selected by default. Click on Show more options to see 
3 degrees of reduction. 

Although it creates a message with the reduced file size photos as 
attachments, you do not have to send the message. You can right-click on an 
attachment and from the pop-up menu select Save as or Copy to put it on the 
Clipboard. You then simply delete the message without sending it. 

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 CCCC                         Page 7                      April  2006

FLASH DRIVES
by Martyn Williams, IDG News Service

Samsung Electronics has developed a higher-capacity version of its solid-
state disk, a flash-memory-based replacement for hard disks, and showed it 
at the CeBIT technology show.

The drive packs 32GB of flash memory into a case the same size as a 1.8-inch 
hard drive. That capacity is double the 16GB of a prototype device announced 
by Samsung last year and was made possible by the continuing miniaturization 
of flash-memory chip technology.

Samsung Electronics hopes that falling prices for flash memory chips will 
mean solid-state memory can eventually replace hard drives in laptop 
computers and other devices, a top executive says.

Flash memory has several advantages over hard-disk drive storage: it 
consumes less power, it has higher resistance to shock, it's more reliable 
because there are no moving parts, it can read and write data faster, and 
it's silent in operation. But there's a major hurdle to mass-market 
adoption: it's much more expensive.

At CeBIT, the solid-state disk was demonstrated inside a Samsung laptop 
computer. Because the SSD is the same size and shape as the computer's hard 
drive it was relatively easy to replace the hard-disk drive with the SSD, 
said Yun Mini, a spokesperson for Samsung.

Benefits: Speed, Durability
The SSD technology has three major benefits over hard disks, said Yun. The 
first is that data access is faster. This could be seen when the SSD-based 
laptop was booted up alongside the same-model machine with a hard disk. The 
desktop appeared on the screen of the SSD laptop in about 18 seconds while 
the hard-drive-based computer took about 31 seconds to reach the same point.

The second advantage comes in durability. Because there are no moving parts 
in the SSD, it is much better at withstanding shock and much more unlikely 
that data will be lost if the laptop is dropped.

The third major advantage is that it works silently, said Yun.

Downside: Cost
But for all these advantages, there is a major hurdle that needs to be 
overcome before SSD can reach mass market: price. Flash memory costs around 
$30 per gigabyte; the memory needed for the 32GB SSD drive works out to 
about $960, before any other costs are taken into account.

Samsung thinks there are some military or industrial customers that have 
specialist applications that would benefit from the SSD and so might be more 
willing to pay a premium.

"At this moment it would be very expensive," said Yun, "but technology is 
moving very fast so in the near future it could be cheaper."

Prices for flash memory are coming down. In May last year, when Samsung 
first announced the technology, the flash memory price was about $55 per 
gigabyte. So it might just be a matter of time before such disks hit the 
mass market.

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 CCCC                         Page 8                      April  2006

WINDOWS XP DISK MANAGEMENT TOOL 
Excerpted from the Fred Langa, InformationWeek 

There are costly commercial partitioning tools such as PartitionMagic or 
Acronis Disk Director that will give you a graphical display of a hard 
disk's partitions and drives and let you easily access and modify any 
drive's basic structures.

Few users know there is a graphical tool for hard-drive partitioning, 
formatting, and related work built into Windows XP. Create, delete, and 
format partitions; change drive letter assignments and paths; help set up 
disk mirroring and RAID; and more--all with this free Windows tool.

By using the Disk Management tool built into all normal versions of XP, you 
can create and delete partitions as you wish, format them, change drive 
letter assignments and paths, and more. You also have one-click access to 
the more familiar disk-maintenance tools, letting you clean up, defrag, and 
check any disk or partition on your system.

Large single hard drives are more or less standard in many new PCs and most 
users have never had to deal with the details of drive installation, 
initialization, and configuration, either for adding multiple drives to a 
system or for swapping drives. Both these processes raise questions as to 
the safest and best ways to set things up, as well as to avoid data loss, 
especially if you're moving a current PC's setup and files to a new drive 
and don't want the hassle of having to tear everything down and rebuild the 
operating system from scratch. 

WINDOWS DISK MANAGEMENT TOOL ACCESS
You can access the Disk Management tool easily from any Administration level 
account. Click "Start/Control Panel/Administrative Tools/Computer 
Management." When the Computer Management interface opens, look in the left-
hand pane under "Storage" and click on "Disk Management." 

Although the Disk Management tool is useful for working on already installed 
disks, its best and main use is in adding a new second drive to a system, or 
temporarily adding a second drive as part of swapping out an older drive for 
a newer one.

Word of caution--on drives that already have files in a partition, most of 
these operations on that partition will delete the files.  

ADDING A NEW DRIVE
When you add a new drive to a Windows system, the Disk Management tool's 
wizards can walk you through the process of initializing, partitioning, and 
formatting the drive for use.

You can see the new, unformatted, drive shows up as "Disk 1" (the original 
drive is Disk 0). But you can't use the new drive yet-it's physically and 
electrically connected to the system, but must be prepared for use before it 
can hold any files. That's why the Disk Management tool will show Disk 1 as 
"unknown," "not initialized," and "unallocated." 

Normally when you start Disk Management after adding a new hard drive to the 
system, the Initialize Disk Wizard will show in the lower right portion of 
the screen so that you can begin prepping the disk for use. But if the 
wizard should fail to appear, just right-click on the disk you want to 
initialize, then click the "Initialize Disk" menu item. By default, the disk 
will be initialized as a "basic disk".  That is, a normal, ordinary kind of 
disk, which is what you want in most instances. 

Once the disk is initialized, Disk 1 is no longer tagged as "unknown" and 
"not initialized." Instead it's shown as a "basic" disk that's "online." It 
still needs to be partitioned and formatted, however, which is why Windows 
still refers to the drive as "unallocated." But another wizard waits to help 
with the partitioning and formatting. If you right-click on the unallocated 
portion of Disk 1, you'll see the context menu offering a partitioning tool, 
access to the Properties of Disk 1, or general help. You need to partition 
the new drive as the next step, so select "New Partition." 

Clicking on "New Partition" brings up the New Partition Wizard. This wizard 
will walk you through the complete process of setting up the new drive 
almost any way you want. The first step, of course, is to click "Next." 

In general, you need at least one "primary" partition on a disk, although 
you can have up to four. (Third-party tools can let you have more than four 
primary partitions, but Windows natively allows up to four; any additional 
partitions after that go into an "extended" partition. If these terms are 
unfamiliar to you, the normal Windows Help system, accessed via Start/Help, 
contains abundant additional information.) In any case, you'll want to start 
by creating one primary partition, so check the radio button for "Primary" 
and then click "Next." 

The wizard then lets you set a size for this first partition. You can set 
the entire drive as one giant partition if you wish, but this can lead to 
problems in managing backups and disk images because of the number of CDs or 
DVDs that will be required to hold all the disk's data. Preferably, size the 
partitions in rough multiples of your backup media. For example, a C: drive 
with 8 to 10 Gbytes of files usually fits nicely on a maximum of two DVDs 
and is a convenient size for Windows and my most essential data files. 

The wizard handles both the partitioning and formatting in one go. In many 
instances, accepting the defaults is fine unless you have a specific reason 
for wanting something different. The Volume Label is the name for the disk 
or partition, and it can be almost anything. It can also be changed easily 
at a later date should you wish to do so.

The "Perform a quick format" option is useful for setting up a drive quickly 
and easily. However, a "quick format" doesn't check the entire disk first; 
instead it assumes that the disk is OK. If the drive has been used before-
that is, if you're reformatting a drive, a quick format is usually 
reasonably safe. But a brand-new drive that has never been checked by your 
system may have factory defects, shipping damage, or other problems. It's 
still OK to use a quick format for now, but if you do, make note to run a 
complete and thorough Chkdsk on the drive later before entrusting it with 
your live data. 

When the partitioning/formatting operation is done, the new partition/volume 
shows up with its assigned drive letter on the new drive. The remaining 
space on the drive still shows up as unallocated, so this space can be used 
to create more partitions or logical drives. 

FOUR PARTITIONS PER DRIVE
As mentioned earlier, Windows can handle up to four primary partitions on a 
drive. If you only want one, two, three, or four partitions on your new 
drive, you can simply repeat the steps above. Right-click on the unallocated 
space, select "New Partition," and let the wizard set up and format each new 
partition in sequence. Make sure you use all the available disk space in 
your primary partitions because you won't have access to any unallocated 
space left over. 

The way to have large numbers of partitions/logical drives is to create what 
Windows calls an "extended" partition, which can then be subdivided into a 
large number of logical drives. This is how you get past the four-primary-
partition limit. 

Right-click on the unallocated space which brings up the New Partition 
Wizard. But, instead of selecting "Primary" as the partition type, select 
"Extended" and then click "Next." 

Extended partitions can be sized as you wish. If you set the size of the 
extended partition to the maximum disk space available, all the remaining 
space on the new drive will be inside the extended partition, ready for 
subdivision to use as you see fit. 

What was "unallocated space" on the new drive now shows up as "free space," 
ready for subdivision. Putting that space to use follows the same basic 
pattern described earlier. Start with a right-click on "free space," which 
brings up a context menu, offering "New Logical Drive" as the first option. 
The program asks if you want to create a logical drive, so click "Next." 

The nomenclature can be confusing, with "partition," "volume," and "logical 
drive" used somewhat interchangeably. The text shows which term is used 
where.

As before, you can set the size of the logical drives to be whatever you 
wish, up to the available space.  Usually, a larger number of smaller 
logical drives is preferable. Also as before, you can set the drive letter 
or path as desired, or accept the automatically assigned designation.

Repeat the process until you've created all the logical drives you want and 
have used up all the space in the extended partition. 

The Disk Management tool will show all the new partitions and logical drives 
you've created. Plus, opening My Computer (Windows Explorer), will let you 
see the new drive(s) in a more familiar way. (Depending on which drive 
letters you used, you may need to reboot to access the newly set-up drive. 
Windows will prompt you if that's the case.) 

If this was a new drive you just set up, be sure to perform a full Chkdsk on 
each part of the drive before you put it to full use. You can do this easily 
from within the Disk Management tool by right-clicking on a drive and 
selecting "Properties/Tools/Error Checking." Alternatively, right-click on a 
drive in My Computer and likewise select "Properties/Tools/Error Checking." 
Once the new drive checks out, you can begin using it as you wish.

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 CCCC                         Page 9                      April  2006

WILL YOUR PC KEEP PACE WITH VISTA?

How does Windows Vista love thy computer? Let it count the ways. 
Microsoft is building into the new operating system a tool that will rate a 
PC based on how well it is running and on how much it can take advantage of 
Vista's capabilities. 

The "Windows Performance Rating", which can be seen in the latest test 
version of the operating system, evaluates components such as the processor, 
the memory, the hard drive and graphics cards to come up with an overall 
score. 

The rating appears in a large blue circle and can be seen in multiple places 
in the operating system, though Microsoft has said little about what exactly 
the rating signifies. The main rating is on a scale of 1 to 5, but 
individual components are also given a "sub rating" on some other 
unspecified range. 

"The idea behind the Windows Performance Rating is to help average consumers 
easily understand their Windows Vista PC's overall performance, and to 
simplify the process of determining whether certain software applications 
will run smoothly based on their system components," Microsoft said in a 
statement provided to CNET News.com. 

Computer makers and retailers would then be able to use that as a tool to 
help explain, in general terms, the capabilities of a particular machine. 
Software makers would also be able to specify the type of PC needed to run 
their software. 

A Sony Vaio laptop on display at the Intel Developer Forum, for example, 
scored an overall rating of 3. The PC had an Intel processor and 1GB of 
memory, which earned sub-ratings of 5.6 and 5.5 respectively. A desktop on 
the IDF show floor with Intel's Pentium D 940 processor and 2GB of 
unspecified memory also received a 3, with the processor rated at 5.6 and 
the memory at 5.5. 

Microsoft declined to provide details of its rating methodology, noting that 
it is still working on the grading system. "This capability is still under 
development, so the current experience with the Windows Performance Rating 
may not be indicative of the final experience," Microsoft said. The company 
promised that the feature would continue to be enhanced in future test 
versions. 

As for systems slowing down, that's an issue that Microsoft is already 
trying to tackle. In the past, machines actually have lost significant 
performance as more software loads at startup, hard disks become fragmented 
and other features "gunk" up the works. With Vista, though, Microsoft has 
added several features that aim to keep the PC from bogging down over time. 

Sam Bhavnani, an analyst at Current Analysis, said that, provided the rating 
system can be easily understood, it could give computer makers a new way to 
tout the performance of machines. "It would make it easier for them to 
advertise their systems as 'good,' 'better,' 'best,'" Bhavnani said. It 
would mean the prospective buyer wouldn't have to compare the memory, hard 
drive and other components on their own. 

Microsoft is readying a second tool, currently called the Windows Upgrade 
Advisor, that will take a look at a PC and make recommendations on how its 
performance can be enhanced to run Vista better. The tool is most likely to 
recommend more memory or an improved graphics card, said Dave Block, a 
senior product manager in Microsoft's Windows Vista unit. "Those are the 
ones that are most important and the easiest to solve", Block said in a 
brief interview after a presentation at the Intel Developer Forum. 

Although Vista is months away from launch, Microsoft has yet to give much in 
the way of specifics on what hardware will be needed. Thus far, the company 
has suggested 512MB of memory, a graphics card with a Vista-specific driver 
and a modern processor. 

Analysts have said that, for all but a basic Vista system, at least 1GB of 
memory is probably a necessity. That means consumers who have purchased a PC 
in the last couple of months might need an upgrade. 

Vista puts a premium on memory throughput. That capability hinges on the 
speed of the memory chip used in a system, as well as whether it offers 
"dual channels" for data or only a single memory channel. 

While it is important for PC owners to know whether their system can handle 
Vista, most people running the OS will be doing so on new machines, NPD's 
Baker noted. 

"Even if they sell 5 million (upgrade) copies, that's still only 5 percent" 
of consumers with PCs, he said. 

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